What are the three core ethical principles?

What are the three core ethical principles?

• A. Respect for persons; Beneficence; Non-maleficence.
• B. Autonomy; Privacy; Fairness.
• C. Beneficence; Justice; Non-maleficence.
• D. Respect for persons; Beneficence; Justice.

Answer: (D)

Three principles guiding ethics in human-subjects research come from the Belmont Report: Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice. Respect for Persons means recognizing individuals as autonomous agents and providing extra protections for those with diminished autonomy. Beneficence requires maximizing potential benefits while minimizing possible harms to participants. Justice focuses on fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of research, ensuring that subjects are chosen equitably and that the benefits of research are accessible to those who bear its risks. The option that lists Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice aligns with these well-established principles, making it the best answer. Other choices mix or substitute elements (for example, treating Autonomy separately from Respect for Persons, or including Privacy or Non-maleficence as standalone principles) and do not reflect the same commonly taught triad.

Three principles guiding ethics in human-subjects research come from the Belmont Report: Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice. Respect for Persons means recognizing individuals as autonomous agents and providing extra protections for those with diminished autonomy. Beneficence requires maximizing potential benefits while minimizing possible harms to participants. Justice focuses on fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of research, ensuring that subjects are chosen equitably and that the benefits of research are accessible to those who bear its risks.

The option that lists Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice aligns with these well-established principles, making it the best answer. Other choices mix or substitute elements (for example, treating Autonomy separately from Respect for Persons, or including Privacy or Non-maleficence as standalone principles) and do not reflect the same commonly taught triad.